CSEM, Generative Artificial Intelligence, and the Law
Overview
The proliferation of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is fundamentally transforming the landscape of Child Sexual Exploitation Material (CSEM).
Traditionally predicated on the physical abuse of a child, CSEM offending is shifting toward the creation of high-resolution, synthetic imagery through local, offline generation. This evolution presents significant challenges across the investigative, forensic, and legal spectrums.
Key findings include the emergence of new offender categories, specifically minors using AI for non-consensual “nudification,” and the inadequacy of current digital forensic tools and legal statutes to address synthetic content.
To maintain the integrity of child protection efforts, law enforcement and the legal system must adapt to these technological affordances through updated typologies, specialized training, and modernized legislation that addresses the unique nature of AI-generated content.
Summary
Current Generative Artificial Intelligence Affordances in CSEM Offending
Generative AI offers offenders novel capabilities that bypass traditional barriers to content acquisition and creation. These affordances include:
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Reference
SOURCE RESEARCH
Child Sexual Exploitation Material: Investigation and Legal Challenges with Generative Artificial Intelligence
Steel, C.M.S. (2026). Child Sexual Exploitation Material: Investigation and Legal Challenges with Generative Artificial Intelligence. Victims & Offenders, 21:3, 555-573
DOI: 10.1080/15564886.2025.2532541
Published: 2026
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